Slopes are all around us in the ur≥✘ban environment, and th♥&e soil on some of theπ¥se slopes maybe inhere≤☆∑ntly unstable. Movement of soi≥≈‍&l and rock down unstable slo✔​≠‍pes due to gravity is called mass wast♣γing; surface movement resul£✘"ting from the effects of wind and wa≈ ±ter is called erosion. With the ↑"↑expansion of highways , rail≤₩ ways and constructi‌±on projects, slope st"‌abilization come more and more imporβ™λtant. 

Slope Stabilization Methods:      &nb≤↕sp;           Ω₩         π↑      ₽φ★α       &nbs‌δp;           &α&÷nbsp;      π<‌≈       &nb♦αsp;         &∑         ✔≈ ;        α♠♠☆;        Ω‍     

(1) Shotcrete 

This method is chosen when the sloσ∞pe is disjointed, and many fiss•≈™λures appears. Under high pressure§‌↕, shotcrete will be penal↑£™ized into these fiss∏β←ures and adhere rocks into a whole. M©φ×₽oreover, shotcrete c∞✔♥an help to adhere rock ®÷bolts and soil nails, improving s'↓'‍tability and anchor-ability.

(2) Rock bolt

When slope is broken and≤  soft, rock bolts are chosen to help a™ ×nchor slopes. The prin↓"'↔cipal is as same as stud bolt for↔♠← fasten. This is a middle an®≤≤★d surface stabilization meth±☆od. 

(3) Soil nail

For soft rocks, or soi✔↔l slopes, mass soil nails are installe©'d into slope to support. Com≥'"paring with rock bolt, soil n→$₩ail method is shorter and€   mass, and is a surface stabil&βization one. Althoug©π≤÷h rock bolts and soil nails are σ &theoretically a little different, ∏✔but they are similar du•<×>ring construction.

(4) Anchor cable

This method is chosen when slopes ↑ are high.

Rock bolt and shotcr←♠÷ete work   $φ     ±★∏       ®σ÷      ¥<∞;         &nb¶£εsp;          ↓↓;          ₩λα≠          ♠¶₽&       £₽₹≤       ✘∞<         &nπ←♠bsp;          §£;        

One of the factors that a←★✔₽ffect the stability and sa§≤ →fety of the slope is the need ∑π♣for normal force stress to Ω™εovercome the normal forceφ₩✘✘ stress problem, one of which is to ✔<" apply the Rockbolt installation This ε≈rockbolt reinforcement install>σation aims to increase the normal φ♣force of the rock mass. Rockbolt wil<§l provide force so that interlocking wiε≤↓ll occur in the rock mass. Asλ'≠ a result, if the normal force✔ ↑ acting is greater, the$↓₩ driving force neede✘​πd to tear down the rock wi ♦ll increase too.

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